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WHO IS AL-KHWARIZMI?

al-Khwarizmi monument in Khiva, Uzbekistan al-Khwarizmi monument in Urgench, Uzbekistan
Monument to al-Khwarizmi in Khiva,
Uzbekistan		 Monument to al-Khwarizmi in Urgench,
Uzbekistan

Al-Khwarizmi, in full Muḥammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi (780—850), mathematician, astronomer, geographer and a scholar in the House of Wisdom in Baghdad (The House of Wisdom was a scientific research and teaching center). al-Khwarizmi was worn in 780 in Khiva, Khwarezm region of modern Uzbekistan.

Al-Khwarizmi’s ALGEBRA is regarded as the foundation and cornerstone of the sciences. To al-Khwarizmi we owe the world “algebra,” from the title of his greatest mathematical work, Hisab al-Jabr wa-al-Muqabala. His most recognized work as mentioned above and one that is so named after him is the mathematical concept Algorithm. The modern meaning of the word relates to a specific practice for solving a particular problem. Today, people use algorithms to do addition and long division, principles that are found in Al-Khwarizmi’s text written about 1200 years ago. Al-Khwarizmi was also responsible for introducing the Arabic numbers to the West, setting in motion a process that led to the use of the nine Arabic numerals, together with the zero sign.

Latinized versions of his name and of his most famous book title live on in the terms ALGORITHM and ALGEBRA. Al-Khwarizmi developed the concept of the ALGORITHM in mathematics (which is a reason for his being called the grandfather of Computer Science by some people).

Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi died in c. 850 being remembered as one of the most seminal scientific minds of early Islamic culture.

al-Khwarizmi and Algorithms (BBC IDEAS)

References:

  • Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi, Famous Scientists, www.famousscientists.org
  • Al-Khwārizmī - MUSLIM MATHEMATICIAN, The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica, www.britannica.com
  • The scientist passed ahead of centuries – Nasiraddin Tusi, Ramiz Daniz, Baku, 2014
  • List of Pioneers in Computer Science www.wikipedia.org
  • Symposium "Algorithms In Modern Mathematics And Its Applications", Urgench, Uzbekistan, September 16 - 22, 1979, Scientific Pilgrimage

Other References about al-Khwarizmi:

  1. G J Toomer, Biography in Dictionary of Scientific Biography (New York 1970-1990).
    See THIS LINK.
  2. Biography in Encyclopaedia Britannica.
    http://www.britannica.com/biography/al-Khwarizmi
Books:
  1. A A al'Daffa, The Muslim contribution to mathematics (London, 1978).
  2. J N Crossley, The emergence of number (Singapore, 1980).
  3. A F Faizullaev, The scientific heritage of Muhammad al-Khwarizmi (Russian) (Tashkent, 1983).
  4. S Gandz (ed.), The geometry of al-Khwarizmi (Berlin, 1932).
  5. E Grant (ed.), A source book in medieval science (Cambridge, 1974).
  6. O Neugebauer, The exact sciences in Antiquity (New York, 1969).
  7. R Rashed, The development of Arabic mathematics : between arithmetic and algebra (London, 1994).
  8. R Rashed, Entre arithmétique et algèbre: Recherches sur l'histoire des mathématiques arabes (Paris, 1984).
  9. F Rosen (trs.), Muhammad ibn Musa Al-Khwarizmi : Algebra (London, 1831).
Articles:
  1. K F Abdulla-Zade, al-Khwarizmi and the Baghdad astronomers (Russian), in The great medieval scientist al-Khwarizmi (Tashkent, 1985), 178-183.
  2. M Abdullaev, al-Khwarizmi and scientific thought in Daghestan (Russian), in The great medieval scientist al-Khwarizmi (Tashkent, 1985), 228-232.
  3. A Abdurakhmanov, al-Khwarizmi : great mathematician (Russian), in The great medieval scientist al-Khwarizmi (Tashkent, 1985), 149-151.
  4. M A Akhadova, The mathematics of India and al-Khwarizmi (Russian), in The great medieval scientist al-Khwarizmi (Tashkent, 1985), 238-240.
  5. S al-Khalidi, al-Khwarizmi : scholar of astronomical and mathematical geography (Arabic), in Proceedings of the Seventh Annual Conference on the History of Arabic Science (Arabic) (Aleppo, 1986), 55-63.
  6. A Allard, La diffusion en occident des premières oeuvres latines issues de l'arithmétique perdue d'al-Khwarizmi, J. Hist. Arabic Sci. 9 (1-2) (1991), 101-105.
  7. P G Bulgakov, al-Biruni and al-Khwarizmi (Russian), in Mathematics and astronomy in the works of scientists of the medieval East (Tashkent, 1977), 117-122, 140.
  8. J N Crossley and A S Henry, Thus spake al-Khwarizmi : a translation of the text of Cambridge University Library ms. Ii.vi.5, Historia Math. 17 (2) (1990), 103-131.
  9. Y Dold-Samplonius, Developments in the solution to the equation cxÛ + bx = a from al-Khwarizmi to Fibonacci, in From deferent to equant (New York, 1987), 71-87.
  10. R Z Du, al-Khwarizmi and his algebraic treatise (Chinese), Math. Practice Theory (1) (1987), 79-85.
  11. K Fogel, How al-Khwarizmi became known in Germany (Russian), in The great medieval scientist al-Khwarizmi (Tashkent, 1985), 85-91.
  12. S Gandz, The sources of al-Khwarizmi's algebra, Osiris, i (1936), 263-77.
  13. J P Hogendijk, al-Khwarizmi's table of the 'sine of the hours' and the underlying sine table, Historia Sci. 42 (1991), 1-12.
  14. B B Hughes, Robert of Chester's Latin translation of al-Khwarizmi's 'al-Jabr', Boethius : Texts and Essays on the History of the Exact Sciences XIV (Stuttgart, 1989).
  15. D K Ibadov, The work of al-Khwarizmi in the estimation of Eastern encyclopedic scholars of the 10th - 16th centuries (Russian), in The great medieval scientist al-Khwarizmi (Tashkent, 1985), 265-268.
  16. W Kaunzner, Über eine frühe lateinische Bearbeitung der Algebra al-Khwarizmis in MS Lyell 52 der Bodleian Library Oxford, Arch. Hist. Exact Sci. 32 (1) (1985), 1-16.
  17. E S Kennedy, Al-Khwarizmi on the Jewish calendar, Scripta Math. 27 (1964), 55-59.
  18. A S Kennedy and W Ukashah, al-Khwarizmi's planetary latitude tables, Centaurus 14 (1969), 86-96.
  19. M M Khairullaev, al-Khwarizmi and his era (Russian), Voprosy Istor. Estestvoznan. i Tekhn. (3) (1983), 121-127.
  20. P Kunitzsch, al-Khwarizmi as a source for the 'Sententie astrolabii', in From deferent to equant (New York, 1987), 227-236.
  21. G P Matvievskaya, The algebraic treatise of al-Khwarizmi (Russian), in On the history of medieval Eastern mathematics and astronomy (Tashkent, 1983), 3-22.
  22. G P Matvievskaya, History of the study of the scientific work of al-Khwarizmi (Russian),, in The great medieval scientist al-Khwarizmi (Tashkent, 1985), 72-82.
  23. C A Nallino, Al'Khuwarizimi e il suo rifacimento della Geografia di Tolomeo, Raccolta di scritti editie inediti V (Rome, 1944), 458-532.
  24. K H Parshall, The art of algebra from al-Khwarizmi to Viète : a study in the natural selection of ideas, Hist. of Sci. 26 (72, 2) (1988), 129-164.
  25. M A Pathan, Al-Khwarizmi, Math. Ed. 6 (2) (1989), 92-94.
  26. D Pingree, al-Khwarizmi in Samaria, Arch. Internat. Hist. Sci. 33 (110) (1983), 15-21.
  27. B A Rosenfeld, 'Geometric trigonometry' in treatises of al-Khwarizmi, al-Mahani and ibn al-Haytham, in Vestigia mathematica (Amsterdam, 1993), 305-308.
  28. B A Rozenfeld, al-Khwarizmi's spherical trigonometry (Russian), Istor.-Mat. Issled. 32-33 (1990), 325-339.
  29. B A Rozenfeld, Number theory, geometry and astronomy in al-Khwarizmi's 'Book of Indian arithmetic' (Russian), in The great medieval scientist al-Khwarizmi (Tashkent, 1985), 66-72.
  30. B A Rozenfeld and N D Sergeeva, The astronomical treatises of al-Khwarizmi (Russian), Istor.-Astronom. Issled. 13 (1977), 201-218.
  31. M M Rozhanskaya, The historical-astronomical value of al-Khwarizmi's 'zij' (Russian), in The great medieval scientist al-Khwarizmi (Tashkent, 1985), 158-165.
  32. A S Sadykov, al-Khwarizmi : his era, life and work (Russian), in The great medieval scientist al-Khwarizmi (Tashkent, 1985), 8-13.
  33. M Sani, The life and work of al-Khwarizmi, Menemui Mat. 4 (1) (1982), 1-9.
  34. K S Siddikov, Muhammad al-Khwarizmi : creator of algebra (Russian), in The great medieval scientist al-Khwarizmi (Tashkent, 1985), 152-154.
  35. S Kh Sirazhdinov and G P Matvievskaya, Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi and his contribution to the history of science (Russian), Voprosy Istor. Estestvoznan. i Tekhn. (1) (1983), 108-119.
  36. Z K Sokolovskaya, The 'pretelescopic' period of the history of astronomical instruments. al-Khwarizmi in the development of precision instruments in the Near and Middle East (Russian), in The great medieval scientist al-Khwarizmi (Tashkent, 1985), 165-178.
  37. B van Dalen, Al'Khwarizmi's astronomical tables revisited : analysis of the equation of time, in From Baghdad to Barcelona (Barcelona, 1996), 195-252.
  38. K Vogel, Wie wurden al-Khwarizmi s mathematische Schriften in Deutschland bekannt?, Sudhoffs Arch. 68 (2) (1984), 230-234.
  39. A I Volodarskii, al-Khwarizmi and Indian mathematics (Russian), in The great medieval scientist al-Khwarizmi (Tashkent, 1985), 232-238.
  40. E Yu Yusupov and M M Kharullaev, The creative legacy of al-Khwarizmi and his place in the history of science (Russian), Voprosy Filos. (8) (1983), 140-146, 174.
  41. Kh Zemanek, Manuscripts of al-Khwarizmi's works (Russian), in The great medieval scientist al-Khwarizmi (Tashkent, 1985), 115-121.
  42. V K Zharov, Instrumental counting in al-Khwarizmi's arithmetical treatise (Russian), in The great medieval scientist al-Khwarizmi (Tashkent, 1985), 154-157.